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13/05/2026
168

7 secrets to confident communication for success

You may not know this, but 70% of relationships determine a person's success. And confidence in communication is the "key" that brings people closer together. In the article below, 1Office will share some communication skills to help you achieve success in the future. To be successful, people need to have good communication skills How to build confidence in communication? Speak slowly Speaking quickly and hastily can make you seem unconfident and make it difficult to create a good impression on the other person. Furthermore, speaking fast can easily lead to stuttering, mispronouncing words, and making mistakes because you don't have enough time to think about what you're saying. Speak slowly, and your words will carry more weight. Sometimes, speaking slowly is also a natural way to communicate that helps listeners easily grasp information and trust the story you are telling. Pause appropriately when speaking Pausing is a communication skill used by many speakers to capture the audience's attention during seminars. Knowing when to pause at important points gives listeners time to process and visualize the issue. Moreover, pausing correctly gives you more time to think and develop the next part of your presentation. Pausing appropriately will help convey the message and content of the story better Practice communication skills by speaking in a lower-pitched voice It's no coincidence that politicians and news anchors have deep, warm voices in speeches and interviews. This is because a lower-pitched voice tends to create a better impression and build more trust than a high-pitched one. To build confidence in communication and attract listeners, try to practice speaking and giving speeches in a lower tone. However, you shouldn't force it to the point where your voice sounds unnatural. See more: A guide to persuading customers effectively Focus on the content of your answers Public speaking

13/05/2026
126

Secrets to Increasing Business Revenue at Year-End

Compared to other times of the year, people's shopping levels are much higher at the end of the year. This is also a time when people "treat themselves" by shopping for relatives and family. To increase sales revenue, businesses need to create new breakthroughs in their business strategy. The end of the year is when businesses quickly look for solutions to rapidly increase sales How to increase revenue for businesses at the end of the year Sell in combos to attract customers This is an effective idea to help increase sales profits. And the best way to increase revenue is to choose related or complementary products to sell as a combo. With these items, you will reduce the time spent searching and comparing the quality and price of each item, and instead get a satisfactory product set at a preferential price. Besides, at the end of the year, customers often look for items with discounts, discount vouchers, and suitable product combos. Because when buying in combos, customers will receive many accompanying benefits. See more: What is an SLA? Understand SLAs and KPIs to guide development Push advertising to attract customers Advertising will bring your goods closer to customers. Investing in advertising on social networks and in the press is also a better way to promote products to customers. This is also a solution to help increase revenue during the pandemic that many businesses choose. Use trade promotions to generate profit for the company The end of the year is when customers wait for clearance sales and promotions. If businesses know how to apply promotions during this period, they can reap huge profits. In addition, applying clearance sales also helps make business in the new year more effective, as you have cleared out all the stagnant goods after a long year.

13/05/2026
110

Escaping the Shadow of the Traditional Startup

The Industry 4.0 technology platform is seeping into every corner of life and changing the world. Not immune to these shifts, the business market is also changing by the minute, and traditional startup entrepreneurs also need to adapt to keep pace with the market. So how can we change the traditional mindset to fit the 4.0 era? [caption id="attachment_6557" align="aligncenter" width="512"] Startup[/caption] Let's listen to the startup stories of entrepreneurs in Israel. According to Mr. Lebovich, Deputy Ambassador of Israel to Vietnam, Israel has a population of 8.5 million but boasts up to 6,000 innovative startups, ranking second in the world per capita. Over 80% of businesses in this country fail on their first attempt. However, the important thing is that these businesses continue to learn and adapt to achieve success. Mr. Doron Lebovich said: "In Israel, there was an entrepreneur who started in 2000 and failed three times. However, this person was not discouraged and succeeded with a traffic jam warning software called Waze, which was acquired by Google for $1 billion. Through this story, I want to tell Vietnamese entrepreneurs not to be afraid to continue starting up when you face failure, because success will always come to you." Entrepreneurs share that with today's technology, capital or a network of relationships are not necessarily the key factors for an entrepreneur's startup journey. Whereas before, starting a business required an office, now a business might only need a computer with an internet connection. In the 4.0 era, entrepreneurs must know how to use technology to turn ideas into real products that serve people and society. A unique product, combined with effective communication, will create success for technology companies. "Traditional entrepreneurs rely more on relationships to get contracts, whereas tech entrepreneurs must really focus on the product, promote the product,

13/05/2026
116

8 Human Resource Management Lessons from Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs is known as an icon associated with the world-famous bitten apple logo. Besides creating distinctive products, Steve Jobs also had a very unique art of personnel management. Let's join 1Office to explore 8 noteworthy lessons from Steve Jobs' management style! 1. Tech Engineers are the Operators The people involved in Apple's daily operations are the engineers, not any other management component. The company's project teams are divided into small groups, and most members of these projects are tech engineers. According to long-time HR managers at Apple, most of the company's managers started as tech engineers. This is because they have a deep understanding of technology, know what the project needs, and make the process of working with other members easier. 2. A Culture of Mutual Respect Between Managers and Employees This is an unwritten rule in personnel management. Here, the concept of "subordinates obeying superiors" does not exist. Instead, a very special culture is present everywhere: mutual respect between managers and employees. This is because both managers and employees have a certain understanding and experience in technology. They support and interact with each other within a team to complete projects, and this is one of the key reasons for Apple's success. 3. Employees Have the Freedom to Build and Develop Products Unlike most other businesses, Steve Jobs' policy allowed his employees to freely correct their own mistakes without going through any procedures. Therefore, sometimes the most outstanding results bear the strong personal mark of the employees. 4. Creating Challenges for Employees Steve Jobs was truly talented at managing his employees and equipping them with the necessary skills for self-development within the company. Each of his employees might be assigned tasks that exceeded their capabilities to encourage them to be creative, complete the work, and thereby gain more motivation

13/05/2026
110

Secrets to Retaining Talent for Startups

Low salaries and bonuses, non-standardized work processes, and even an uncertain future for the company... these obstacles are real barriers for startups. How to retain talent? Let's explore ways to retain talented employees with 1Office! 1. Be an Inspirer to Retain Talent "In small and medium-sized startups, I believe the most important factor determining whether an employee stays or leaves is their boss," shares Ms. Vu Ha – HR Director of Harvey Nash Vietnam. According to Ms. Ha, a startup owner will succeed in stabilizing their workforce if they know how to use internal communication to help employees understand the challenges the company must overcome and show them how important their contributions are. "Material incentives are indeed difficult for small startups to use as 'bait' to keep employees, but boosting morale is entirely within reach." [caption id="attachment_1922" align="aligncenter" width="564"] How to manage talent in a startup?[/caption] From failures in retaining talent, Mr. Vu Anh Duc - co-founder of Abbycard, a mobile membership card management application, also concluded that: if a startup wants employees to stay long-term, the boss must first ignite the spirit of "building a company together, not just getting paid to work." According to Mr. Duc, this spirit helps employees understand that they are a part of the company and its development. Even though the startup is small and faces many difficulties, if you can inspire enthusiasm in your employees, they will always be ready to share the hardships with the company. To achieve this goal, startup leaders should not hesitate to share their vision for the company with their employees. When both sides are looking in the same direction, the employee's commitment to the company becomes stronger. Equally important is building employees' belief in the startup's future, because if they think the company will not achieve the

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11/05/2026
359

Top 10 Standard, Easy-to-Use Interview Evaluation Forms – Free Download

An interview evaluation form is an important tool in the recruitment process. It helps recruiters assess the abilities, skills, experience, and attitude of candidates during the interview. Based on this evaluation, recruiters can compare and select the most suitable candidate for the job position. So, let's join 1Office in listing the TOP 5 most detailed and comprehensive interview evaluation forms in this article. 1. Framework for Building an Interview Evaluation Form The candidate evaluation form for the interview round helps recruiters review the interview process. From there, they can obtain accurate information and an overview of the skills and competencies an employee needs to perform the job well. At the same time, this also helps recruiters design more suitable and effective tests, interviews, and assessments. [caption id="attachment_34886" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Framework for building an interview evaluation form in a business[/caption] Therefore, building an interview evaluation form correctly will help make the organization's recruitment and candidate assessment decisions more accurate and effective. According to a compilation from various businesses, a basic framework for an interview evaluation template includes the following sections: Candidate and Job Position Information: Includes the candidate's name, applied position, department, interview date, interviewer's name, and other relevant information. Competency and Experience Assessment Questions: Includes questions to assess professional skills, work experience, problem-solving ability, teamwork skills, and organizational and time management skills. Character and Ethics Assessment Questions: Includes questions to assess qualities such as ethics, honesty, integrity, prudence and respect, and the ability to work in and respect a diverse environment. Overall Assessment: Includes overall evaluation criteria such as ability and suitability for the job position, ability to work in the company environment, and potential for development and progress. Summary and Decision: Includes a summary section, overall assessment, and a decision on whether to accept or reject the candidate. >>

11/05/2026
295

7 sales revenue report templates in Excel – Free download

Is your business looking for a simple yet effective solution to track and analyze sales revenue? Do you, as a leader, want to enhance business management capabilities and make more accurate, data-driven decisions? Sales revenue report templates in Excel are the solution your business is looking for. Right now, 1Office will share with you 7 of the latest and most comprehensive sales revenue report templates. Let's explore them in the article below! 1. What is a sales revenue report? Why do businesses need it? A sales revenue report is a summary of data related to a company's sales performance over a specific period (daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly). Its content typically includes: total revenue, revenue by product/service, by sales channel, by sales representative, or by region. Why do businesses need revenue reports? Monitor business performance: Instantly identify which products are best-sellers and which channels are most effective. Manage cash flow: Helps estimate cash inflows and outflows, enabling reasonable cost planning. Evaluate employee performance: Revenue per employee or team serves as a basis for rewards and KPI adjustments. Make faster decisions: Based on report data, managers can devise strategies for pricing, promotions, or market expansion. 2. Pros and cons of using Excel for sales revenue reporting Excel is a familiar tool in most businesses for compiling and tracking revenue. With its user-friendly interface, low cost, and high flexibility, Excel helps staff quickly create basic reports. However, as data volumes grow and the need for in-depth analysis increases, Excel also reveals many limitations. Understanding its pros and cons will help businesses choose the right tool for each stage of their development. Advantages of using Excel for revenue reporting Popular and accessible: Almost every employee knows how to use Excel at a basic level, with no additional software installation required. Low cost: No

11/05/2026
526

VinFast’s Marketing Strategy: A Comprehensive A-Z Deep Dive

Vinfast is an emerging brand in the automotive industry. In less than 5 years, the brand has risen to become Vietnam's leading car manufacturer and aims to become a global brand. So, what Vinfast strategies have created such resounding success? Let's explore Vinfast's marketing strategy with 1Office in the article below. 1. Overview of the Vinfast Brand According to Wikipedia, VinFast is a Vietnamese electric car and motorbike manufacturer established in 2017 in Hai Phong. VinFast is known as a member of the Vingroup corporation, founded by Mr. Pham Nhat Vuong - one of the largest multi-industry private corporations in Vietnam. In 2019, VinFast launched its first gasoline-powered car models produced under its own brand, marking a significant turning point for the Vietnamese automotive industry. By the end of 2023, the Vinfast brand had achieved many impressive accomplishments in a short period, including: Sold over 350,000 electric motorbikes and cars. Exported cars to the US and European markets. Expanded manufacturing plants in Vietnam and the US. Became the main sponsor for the Formula 1 race. VinFast is a promising Vietnamese brand with a bold development strategy and a long-term vision. VinFast is gradually asserting its position in the international electric vehicle market, contributing to making Vietnam one of the world's leading electric vehicle manufacturing hubs. [caption id="attachment_42780" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Overview of the Vinfast brand[/caption] Vinfast's target market: The brand focuses on the Vietnamese market with its great potential and the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry. At the same time, Vinfast is gradually expanding its market to other Asian countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and countries worldwide. Vinfast's target customers: Vinfast positions its products in the high-end segment, targeting high-income customers who appreciate luxury and class. In addition, the brand uses a youthful and dynamic marketing strategy

11/05/2026
368

Top 20 situational interview questions to help select the right candidate

Job interviews are a crucial step for every business in deciding whether to select a candidate. Besides the recruiter's keen observation, the set of questions posed to the candidate also plays a key role in determining if their skills and personality are a good fit for the position the company is hiring for. In the article below, 1Office will share with you the Top 20 most specialized situational interview questions and how to evaluate candidates through their answers.  I. What are situational interview questions? Situational interview questions are questions that do not directly delve into technical expertise or explicitly ask about a specific issue. These problem-solving questions allow recruiters to evaluate a candidate's attitude, personality traits, abilities, and skills based on how they handle situations, providing a basis for hiring. The main characteristic of situational interview questions is that there is no single standard to judge an answer as RIGHT or WRONG. Recruiters must consider and observe the candidate's response and behavior to make an evaluation and decision. Situational interview questions are usually posed in 2 forms: Real-life situations that have occurred These are questions about actual activities the candidate has experienced. For example: Have you participated in this project? How did you resolve this situation?... This allows the recruiter to understand the candidate's actual experience, work style, and problem-solving skills for evaluation and consideration. Situations that have not occurred (hypothetical situations) Unlike the type of situational interview questions above, asking about hypothetical situations that might occur in the future helps recruiters grasp the candidate's vision, analytical thinking, and overview capabilities. Candidates can share how they would handle the given situation based on their knowledge, experience, and problem-solving abilities, rather than on actual past experiences. II. The role of situational interview questions in recruitment So, what role do these situational

11/05/2026
591

80+ Best and Fairest Employee Evaluation Comments

Employee performance reviews are one of the most crucial stages in the human resource management of any business. How to evaluate and assess employees most fairly is always a concern for HR professionals. To solve this problem, 1Office suggests 80+ detailed and accurate employee performance review phrases in the article below. 1. What to Keep in Mind When Giving Employee Performance Reviews? Accurately Assess Employee Capabilities Employee competency assessment is the basis for managers to make important decisions that directly affect employee benefits, such as salary increases, promotions, bonuses, or warnings and reprimands. Therefore, every employee wants their abilities to be recognized fairly and adequately, commensurate with their efforts and value. To do this, managers need to keep "a cool head," not be influenced by emotional factors (favoritism or prejudice), to provide the most objective employee performance review comments. Base Evaluations on Factual Evidence  The employee review process must ensure transparency by being based on the employee's actual work results with specific evidence. Many businesses build a set of transparent and clear criteria to serve as a reference framework when evaluating employee performance. The evaluation criteria must be measurable and specific (e.g., KPIs, number of products, workload,...). [caption id="attachment_32621" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Note that employee performance reviews should be based on factual evidence[/caption] Balance Praise and Criticism A performance review is an opportunity for employees to have their achievements and efforts recognized, while also helping them identify weaknesses to improve and develop themselves. Therefore, leaders should aim to evaluate employees comprehensively and provide two-way feedback. Do Not Criticize Employees Don't turn the review session into a "nightmare" that no employee wants to attend. A harsh review can lead to a series of consequences, such as demoralizing employees, causing them to lose motivation, reducing productivity, and even leading to the decision to

11/05/2026
303

What is Owner’s Equity? Formula, Examples, and What You Need to Know

When looking at financial statements, owner's equity is one of the key indicators that helps assess a company's actual resources after deducting liabilities. This figure reflects the level of financial autonomy, accumulation capacity, and capital foundation of the business during its operations. This article will help you understand what owner's equity is, its calculation formula, illustrative examples, and how to distinguish it from easily confused concepts like charter capital and contributed capital. 1. What is owner's equity? Owner's equity (Owner's Equity) is one of the components that form a company's capital and represents the total value of assets owned by the business owner or co-owned with shareholders and joint venture members. Owner's equity comprises the remainder after all liabilities have been deducted. It is a stable and regular source of financing for the business, creating the necessary resources to put the company into operation. Contributing members are entitled to benefits such as making business decisions, sharing profits, and bearing responsibility when the business incurs losses. Owner's equity also provides a basis for valuing the business and reflects the company's financial capacity and sustainability. In the event of bankruptcy or cessation of business operations, this owner's equity will be prioritized for debt repayment, and the remaining portion will be distributed to shareholders according to their initial capital contribution ratio. >> Read more: What is working capital? Formula for calculating working capital & how to manage it 2. The role of owner's equity for a business Owner's equity plays an extremely important role in a company's operations, as it is not only a financial resource but also a decisive factor for long-term stability and growth. Below are the main roles of owner's equity for a business: Solid financial foundation Owner's equity represents the net assets that the business truly owns after deducting

11/05/2026
411

What is Profit Margin? Formula and Detailed Examples 2026

Profit margin is an indicator that helps businesses assess their level of profitability relative to revenue, costs, or investment capital. Understanding the correct way to calculate profit margin will help managers know whether their business operations are effective, what the current profit margin is, and where optimizations are needed. This article will explain the concept, calculation formulas, illustrative examples, and ways to improve profit margin in a business. 1. What is Profit Margin? The Significance of Profit Margin [caption id="attachment_40638" align="alignnone" width="2560"] What is profit margin?[/caption] Profit Margin represents the percentage ratio between the profit earned and an index used to measure profitability. There are many types of profit margins based on different indicators to assess profitability, including: Return on Sales (ROS) Return on Equity (ROE) Return on Investment (ROI) Return on Assets (ROA) However, in practice, when referring to "profit margin" without specifying the accompanying indicators, it is generally understood to mean the return on sales – the ROS (Return on Sales) ratio. See more: What is Profit Margin? How to accurately calculate the 3 types of profit margins The Significance of Profit Margin Profit margin is an indicator that shows the ability to generate profit from each unit of capital, assets, or revenue. For example, if a company's return on sales is 4%, it means that 100 dong of revenue generates 4 dong of profit. Profit margin is a crucial metric for evaluating the ability to generate profit in business operations. It reflects the outcome of the business process. If the profit margin is a positive value, it indicates that the investment project or company is operating profitably. The higher the profit margin value, the greater the profit the company earns.  If the profit margin is a negative value, it indicates that the business is recording a loss.

11/05/2026
650

What is the Break-Even Point? Calculation Formula and Its Application in Business

Break-even point - A seemingly simple concept, yet it is the key to helping businesses balance costs and optimize profits. Accurately determining the break-even point not only helps managers understand the financial health of the business but also assists them in making better strategic decisions. In this article, 1Office will help you understand what the break-even point is, how to calculate it accurately, and its practical applications for improving business efficiency. 1. What is the break-even point? The break-even point (BEP) is a concept in finance and accounting used to determine the level of revenue or output at which total revenue equals total costs (including both fixed and variable costs). At this point, the business experiences no profit or loss, meaning it has reached a state of financial equilibrium. [caption id="attachment_48556" align="alignnone" width="1920"] What is the break-even point?[/caption] For any new business, this is a crucial calculation in the business plan. Potential investors not only want to know the potential return on their investment but also when they can expect to see that return. This is especially important because some businesses may take years to become profitable, often operating at a loss in the initial months or years before reaching the break-even point. For this reason, the break-even point is an essential component of any business plan presented to investors. For other businesses, the break-even point is a useful tool not only for analyzing costs and evaluating profitability at different sales levels but also for demonstrating the company's potential for recovery after difficult situations. 2. Break-Even Point Formula The break-even point is where total revenue equals total costs, and the business makes neither a profit nor a loss. Depending on the calculation method, the specific formulas are as follows: 3.1. By Units (Break-Even Point in Units) Formula: Q= FC/(P -

11/05/2026
582

What is EBITDA? Differentiating EBITDA and EBIT + Detailed Calculation Guide

EBIT and EBITDA are two important financial indicators that help evaluate a company's operational efficiency. Among them, EBITDA is often used to measure profitability before factors such as interest, taxes, and depreciation. In this article, 1Office will help you understand what EBITDA is, how to calculate it, and the difference between EBITDA and EBIT with examples that are easy to understand. What is EBITDA? EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization) is a financial metric that measures a company's profit before deducting interest expenses, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It helps investors assess profitability from core business operations without being affected by financial and tax factors. [caption id="attachment_37358" align="alignnone" width="1400"] What is EBITDA?[/caption] Specifically, EBITDA is an acronym for the following English terms:  Earnings Before Interest: This is the profit a company earns from its core business operations before accounting for interest expenses on debt. Taxes: This is the amount a company must pay to tax authorities. Depreciation: This is the decrease in value of tangible assets, such as machinery and equipment, over their useful life. Amortization: This is the gradual reduction in the value of intangible assets, such as brand rights and patents, over their useful life. Simply put, EBITDA is one of the financial indicators used to measure a company's ability to generate profit from its core business operations, excluding factors like interest payments, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This helps focus on the company's actual profit and business efficiency. How is EBITDA applied in business? The EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization) indicator is a crucial financial measure in business operations management and investment. The application of this indicator is not limited to analyzing the business situation and efficiency but also helps in assessing a company's profitability before deducting factors not directly related to core

11/05/2026
623

12+ Latest Appointment Decision Templates (Standard 2026)

Are you looking for a standard appointment decision template to use in your business or a state agency? Drafting one from scratch is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors in format and content according to current regulations. In this article, 1Office has compiled 12+ complete and detailed appointment decision templates. I. What is an appointment decision? An appointment decision is a decision to assign an individual or a group of people to a specific position, title, or role within an organization. These decisions are typically made and authenticated by an authorized individual or organization. These decisions are expressed through official documents, notices, or other materials in accordance with regulations. They serve as a crucial basis for the appointer and relevant parties to implement and record the appointment. [caption id="attachment_36066" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] What is an appointment decision?[/caption] II. What basic content is required for a standard appointment decision? According to Decree 30/2020/ND-CP, appointment decision documents must include the following basic content:  National emblem and motto. Name of the appointing business, agency, or unit. Decision number. Time and place of the decision. Title of the decision and its content. Basis for the appointment decision. Information of the person authorized to appoint, the appointee, and the recipient of the appointment decision. (For example: full name, gender, date of birth, ID or citizen card number, position, etc.) Recipients of the decision. Position of the person issuing the appointment decision.  Signature and full name of the person issuing the appointment decision. III. Appointment decision templates by business organization model Below are 3 appointment decision templates based on business organization models, specifically for state agencies, joint-stock companies, and limited liability companies. 1. Appointment decision template for state agencies The appointment decision template for state agencies is an important administrative document issued by an authorized

11/05/2026
341

Latest, Easy-to-Use Collaborator Contract Template – 2026 Standard

A collaborator contract is one of the increasingly popular types of contracts today. This type of contract is suitable for those who want to work freely, with flexibility in time and location. So, what is a collaborator contract? How does it differ from an employment contract? Let's find out with 1Office in this article. 1. What is a collaborator contract? A collaborator contract is a type of service contract signed between the service provider, who is the collaborator, and the service user, which is the company. In this contract, the collaborator will perform the work as agreed upon and receive remuneration from the service user. [caption id="attachment_42188" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Download the latest collaborator contract templates for 2026 for free[/caption] On the other hand, a contract with a collaborator is considered an employment contract when there is an agreement between the employee and the employer regarding paid work, salary, working conditions, and the rights and obligations of each party. 2. How many types of collaborator contracts are there? Currently, there are 2 types of collaborator contracts on the market: the employment contract and the service contract. They are as follows: Service contract for collaborators This is the most common type of contract between collaborators and companies. In a service contract, the collaborator performs work as requested by the company and receives payment as agreed. The collaborator is not under the management and supervision of the company and is not entitled to the same welfare benefits as official employees, such as social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, etc. Employment contract for collaborators In this contract, the collaborator is the employee, and the company is the employer. The collaborator will also perform work as requested by the company and receive payment as agreed. However, the collaborator is under the management and supervision of

11/05/2026
295

What is Working Capital? Calculation Formula and Management Methods

Working capital is one of the key financial indicators that helps businesses maintain regular operations and effectively manage short-term solvency. But what is working capital, what are its components, and how can it be managed to avoid cash flow shortages? This article will help you understand everything from the concept and calculation formula to its practical application. 1. What is the concept of working capital? Working capital is a financial metric representing operational liquidity, reflecting a company's ability to use its current assets to pay for immediate debt obligations and operating expenses. Working capital plays a key role in ensuring operational activities such as: Maintaining liquidity: This is the direct resource for handling due loans, employee salaries, and payments to suppliers, helping the business maintain its reputation and operate without interruption. Creating momentum for breakthroughs and investment: Having flexible capital allows a business to quickly seize opportunities, from purchasing raw materials at a good price to implementing promotional campaigns and expanding production scale. Building a sustainable foundation: This capital acts as a safety "cushion" against unexpected risks, while also creating opportunities to invest in research and development to strengthen the company's long-term market position. [caption id="attachment_34705" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] What is the role of working capital?[/caption] 2. What are the components of working capital? Working capital is a collection of highly liquid current assets, including cash, short-term investments, inventory, and accounts receivable, which work together to maintain the company's business operating cycle. 2.1 Cash and cash equivalents Cash: includes cash on hand, bank deposits, and cash in transit Cash equivalents: are short-term investments with a recovery or maturity period of no more than 03 months from the investment date, easily convertible into a specific amount of cash, and with no risk of conversion from the purchase date (e.g., promissory notes, treasury

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